The Impact of Public Health Nursing Interventions on Infant Mortality Reduction in Kogi State
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Background of the Study
Infant mortality remains a critical public health issue in Nigeria, with the country accounting for one of the highest infant mortality rates globally. According to UNICEF (2024), Nigeria's infant mortality rate stands at approximately 56 deaths per 1,000 live births, with rural states like Kogi experiencing even higher figures. Factors contributing to high infant mortality include poor maternal healthcare, inadequate immunization coverage, malnutrition, infections, and lack of access to skilled birth attendants (World Health Organization, 2024).
Public health nursing interventions have played a vital role in reducing infant mortality through community-based healthcare programs. These interventions focus on improving prenatal and postnatal care, educating mothers on safe infant care practices, increasing immunization uptake, and ensuring access to essential healthcare services (Adebayo & Hassan, 2023). In Kogi State, public health nurses (PHNs) have implemented various initiatives to reduce infant deaths, yet the effectiveness of these interventions remains underexplored.
This study seeks to assess the impact of public health nursing interventions on infant mortality reduction in Kogi State and identify key challenges in implementation.
Statement of the Problem
Despite global and national efforts to improve child survival rates, Kogi State continues to report high infant mortality rates due to preventable causes such as infections, birth asphyxia, and malnutrition (Bello & Yusuf, 2024). Although PHNs have been involved in various interventions, their impact on infant mortality reduction has not been adequately assessed.
A lack of empirical data on the effectiveness of public health nursing strategies hinders the development of evidence-based policies for addressing infant mortality. This study aims to evaluate the role of PHNs in reducing infant mortality and identify the barriers affecting their interventions in Kogi State.
Objectives of the Study
- To assess the impact of public health nursing interventions on infant mortality reduction in Kogi State.
- To identify the challenges faced by public health nurses in implementing infant mortality reduction programs.
- To propose strategies for improving the effectiveness of public health nursing interventions in reducing infant mortality.
Research Questions
- How effective are public health nursing interventions in reducing infant mortality in Kogi State?
- What challenges do public health nurses face in implementing infant mortality reduction programs?
- What strategies can enhance the effectiveness of public health nursing interventions in reducing infant mortality?
Research Hypotheses
H₀: Public health nursing interventions do not significantly reduce infant mortality in Kogi State.
H₁: Public health nursing interventions significantly reduce infant mortality in Kogi State.
H₀: There are no significant challenges affecting the effectiveness of public health nursing interventions.
H₁: Significant challenges affect the effectiveness of public health nursing interventions.
H₀: There are no effective strategies for improving public health nursing interventions in reducing infant mortality.
H₁: Effective strategies can be implemented to enhance public health nursing interventions in reducing infant mortality.
Scope and Limitations of the Study
This study will focus on public health nursing interventions in Kogi State and their impact on infant mortality reduction. Limitations may include inadequate health records, cultural resistance to modern healthcare, and potential recall bias from respondents.
Definitions of Terms
- Infant Mortality – The death of a child before their first birthday.
- Public Health Nursing – A branch of nursing focused on improving community health through preventive care and health education.
- Immunization – The process of administering vaccines to prevent infectious diseases.
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